Architect

                  The first known mention of the word architect - αρχιτεκτων - appears in the fifth century BC. AD in the book of Herodotus, Histories (3, 60) describing the tunnel of Samos, "the architect in charge of this work was the Megarian Eupalinos, son of Naustrophos" 1.The word is composed of αρχι - 'archi' head - and τεκτων - 'tekton', carpenter.Herodotus uses the word to the builder of pontoon bridge for crossing the Hellespont in -513 (Histories 4.88): "Darius I was very pleased with the bridge of boats and richly rewarded his architect, Mandroclès of Samos."For Herodotus, the word given to architect Eupalinos is one of the "authors of the three greatest works owned by the Greek" or Mandroclès of Samos was not for him the sense that it has taken today is over a construction technician or engineer.It is possible that this word was used because the first temples were built of wood. It is in the seventh century BC that made the transition from wooden building of temples to the construction maçonnerie2. When Pausanias visited the Heraion at Olympia in the second century, he can still see some wooden columns.The word tekton appears in Homer or Sophocles, where he refers to a sculptor.All the early architects of the Greek Archaic period have left their name in history by the technical prowess of their constructions.The role of the architect in a Greek shipyard was that of a technical advisor to the persons authorized by the city or sanctuaries responsible for monitoring the implementation of the buildings to specification and to ensure payment for work after receipt by the architect. It is from the fourth century BC. AD they are self-employed with contracts to build buildings defining presented and voted on by the Assemblies of cities. There are also architects officials working for a city administration or sanctuaire3.It is possible that since the archaic times, the word "Architecton" means the person who controls the workers.

                 We find this definition in "Politics" of Plato which is found in the 259th:The stranger: It is, moreover, that whoever is master builder (αρχιτεκτων) is not personally act as mason (ergaticos, εργατικός), but is the master who commands these workers (ergaton archon: εργατών άρχων) ".The young Socrates: YesThe stranger: And I think as he brings to the work the contribution of theoretical knowledge, but not that of manual operations....The stranger ... befits truth in it, once he spoke, not to believe in the end, no more left to stand for ... but rather to prescribe to each of the masons task that just suits him, until they have completed to make the work he has been prescribed for exécuter4.In the Metaphysics, Aristotle opposed the architectonics manual worker (cheirotechnès, χειροτέχνης).We also see Aristotle described as the architect of the city of Miletus and Piraeus, Hippodamos of météorologos, insofar as it tries to recreate a city reflected in its plan the celestial harmony. Hippodamos is also a political thinker whose book II of 1267b22-30 Aristotle's Politics is a description of his vision of the ideal city in the fifth century BC. J.-C.5.Gradually a differentiation will appear in the Greco-Roman mode between architektôn and méchanikos, the architect and engineer.This architectural feature is not unique to the Greek city. The oldest name architect who has remained in history is that of Imhotep, the architect of the funerary complex at Saqqara and the adviser of Pharaoh Djoser, around -2630 to -2611 of the Third Egyptian dynasty.In Babylonia, no name architect is reached. The function of Mason and there appears in the Code § 228-230 Hammurabi6 written by Hammurabi, sixth king of the Amorite dynasty and the first dating from about -1750.


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